1. Purpose

        These instructions regulate the safe operation of cargo lashing operations on board ships, and make specific provisions for the operations that must be lashed, in order to ensure the safety of personnel and cargo when the ship is loaded with cargo.

        2 Scope of application

      All vessels using lashing chains and accessories

        3 Reference documents

        Cargo Securing Manual

        4 Safety instructions for cargo lashing operations

        4.1 When loading vehicles, mechanical equipment, bridge components, over-length cargo, steel, logs and other heavy cargo, the ship must use lashing chains or wire ropes for lashing and reinforcement.

        4.2 When the ship is carrying heavy cargo, the chief mate must formulate a lashing and reinforcement plan according to the specific conditions of the cargo and the weather and sea conditions of the navigable sea area, and submit it to the master for review and implementation.

        4.3 The lashing force must be greater than the moving force at the maximum heel angle that may occur to the ship, and the influence of wind pressure and wave impact should also be considered. The thickness of the wire rope and the number of lashings are determined according to the magnitude of the force.

        4.4 The bosun should prepare the required materials and tools before lashing, such as: lashing chains, square wood, wooden boards, chain tensioners, wire ropes, chain ropes, wire chucks, turnbuckles, saddle tacks, shackles, etc.

        4.5 The bosun is responsible for the lashing operation of the cargo according to the instructions of the chief mate. The lashing work should be assigned to an experienced sailor. The chief mate and the bosun should guide and check the quality of the lashing on the spot.

        4.6 The lashing of the goods should be firm, so as not to loosen or break, and at the same time, it should be easy to untangle, so that it can be released immediately in case of danger.

        4.7 When lashing, the left and right, front and rear lashings of the cargo should be basically symmetrical, and the force of each lashing should be as balanced as possible.

        4.8 When lashing, the lashing horizontal angle of the lashing rope should be as small as possible, so as to reduce the stress of the lashing rope, so that the tension force of the lashing rope can be fully exerted.

        4.9 When lashings are secured using ground rigging on the deck or in the hold, there shall be no more than three lashings secured per ground rig and in the same direction.

        4.10 When lashing, the anchor point of the wire rope on the cargo should be firm, and the cargo should be in good condition.

        4.11 When the wire rope must be bypassed and tightened from the top of the cargo, in order to prevent the cargo from being damaged due to excessive force, a firm pad should be placed under the wire rope.

        4.12 When all or part of heavy cargo is loaded in the hold, necessary collars may be welded on the bulkhead according to the characteristics of the cargo and the lashing method for lashing and securing. Between the cargo and between the cargo and the ship's side, the method of padding and plugging can also be used to reinforce the lashing.

        4.13 When loading large coils, steel coils and steel pipes in the cabin, in order to prevent the movement of the goods, the uppermost layer should be firmly tied and fixed with steel cables.

        4.14 The lashing of heavy cargo is mainly to prevent the cargo from moving laterally, but longitudinal reinforcement and lashing cannot be ignored, especially for deck cargo.

        4.15 When shipping railway locomotives, vehicles or oil tankers, use sleepers or rails to fix them on the deck, and use angle steel pads between the rails and the wheels and weld them firmly. When binding, use steel wire ropes with sufficient strength to bind vertically and horizontally.

        4.16 When the vehicle is shipped, in order to prevent movement, in addition to braking the wheel with the brake, it is necessary to use square wood or triangular wood to plug the front and rear of the wheel and fix it, and fasten the front, rear, left and right sides of the vehicle with steel wire ropes with sufficient strength.

        4.17 Car ro-ro ships should use special lashing chains and fasteners to lash and fix cars.

        4.18 For containers loaded on the deck of non-container ships, in addition to using special connectors to form a whole container, they must also be tied and fixed with wire ropes, turnbuckles and other riggings.

        4.19 When heavy cargo is stowed on the deck, square wood and plank pads of sufficient thickness and size should be used to lay the bottom to reduce the load per unit area of the deck, and then carry out necessary lashings.

        4.20 It is forbidden to use the lashing method of wire rope in series for the lashing of goods.

        4.21 The log carried on the deck and the cabin of the timber carrier shall be bound by wire ropes and binding chains. The binding shall be of sufficient strength, the binding interval shall not exceed 3 meters, and the stacking height of the logs shall not exceed 3 meters. The height specified in the stability data.

        4.22 The lashing of round logs should always be maintained in a tight state during the whole voyage, and the tightness of the lashing wires and lashing chains should be checked every day.

        4.23 Before sailing, the master and chief mate should personally check the lashing and reinforcement of the cargo, and sailing can be done only after meeting the requirements. When sailing at sea, the chief mate should assign the bosun to frequently check the lashing and reinforcement of the cargo. If there is any looseness, it should be reinforced immediately. The chief mate should record the above situation in the logbook.

        4.24 Personal safety protection during lashing and tying operations:

        4.24.1 Strict organization should be carried out before the cargo binding operation, and safety precautions should be emphasized;

        4.24.2 Operators should wear work clothes, safety helmets, gloves and non-slip shoes, and fasten safety belts when tying and untying deck wood;

        4.24.3 Use special ladders for up and down, and are not allowed to climb up and down on the goods;

        4.24.4 The loosening and binding operation shall be carried out according to the procedure. Generally, when the ship is not at the dock, it is not allowed to loosen the binding, especially when there are winds and waves on the sea or there are many passing ships, it is not allowed to loosen the binding; in the strong wind and waves, when the binding is loosened and needs to be re-binding, necessary safety measures must be taken;

        4.24.5 Pay attention to the rotational inertia of the binding wire rope to prevent injury to people, and clean up the ropes and wood at the job site in time;

        4.24.6 Appropriate tools should be used for the operation, and attention should be paid to breaking the head of the wire and tying the hand.